Spain Facts for Kids

Interesting Facts for Kids

Here are some interesting Spain Facts which were chosen and researched by kids especially for kids.

Spain Facts

Population: 48 million people live in Spain (2024)
Capital: Madrid, with 6.7 million inhabitants

Name: Reino de España (Kingdom of Spain), short form: España
Government: Parliamentary Monarchy
Languages: Castilian Spanish 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician, Basque
Literacy: More than 98% can read and write.
Religion: 69% Christians (mainly Roman Catholics)
Currency: 1 Euro = 100 cents, before 2001 Spanish peseta
National Symbol: National flag and coat of arms, the short-toed eagle (national bird), red carnation (national flower), the bull (national animal). The official Spanish anthem "La Marcha Real" (the Royal March) is one of only four anthems in the world without lyrics.

Click to listen to the Spanish anthem

History: From 711 to 1492 Islamic Moors ruled in Spain. In 1492 Christopher Columbus reaches America and the Spanish rulers start forming their empire, building colonies in the Americas. In the 16th century Spanish kings also ruled over many European countries: Portugal, Netherlands, parts of France, Germany, Italy and Austria. The Spanish Civil War rages in Spain from 1936 to 1939 when dictator General Franco takes over the country. In 1975 Franco died and Juan Carlos I became King of Spain. In 2014, his son Felipe followed him on the throne.
National Day: 12 October (Fiesta Nacional de España)
Head of State: King Felipe VI; Head of Government/ prime minister: Pedro Sánchez since 2018

Spain Facts
Spain Map | Where is Spain?

Spain is a country in southwestern Europe on the Iberian peninsula.

Spain borders the countries Portugal, Andorra, France and the UK with Gibraltar, which is a British Overseas Territory. The longest border is shared with Portugal.

Spain also shares borders with Morocco, as the two Spanish enclaves Ceuta and Melilla are located within Morocco.

Spain is separated from the African continent by the Straits of Gibraltar. This passage connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediterranean Sea. Gibraltar is a British overseas territories and thus belongs to the UK.

Rock of Gibraltar

The narrowest point of the Straits of Gibraltar between the two continents Europe and Africa is 14.3 km/ 8.9 miles wide.

The Spanish nation is divided in 17 autonomous communities which are regions where people have their own regional government.

Port de Sollér in Mallorca

Spain is slightly larger than twice the size of the United Kingdom and about twice the size of the state of Oregon in the USA.

A flight to Madrid/ Spain takes about 2.5 hours from London/ England and 7 hours from New York/ USA.

Spain Facts | Geography

Spain borders the Mediterranean Sea in the South and East and the Atlantic Ocean in the Northwest.

Spain is the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.

In the North, the Pyrenees mountain ranges form a natural border with the tiny country of Andorra and with France. Portugal lies to the west of Spain.

Peninsular Spain Map

The three largest cities in Spain are Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia.

Madrid is the capital city of Spain and the second largest city of the European Union countries - after Berlin in Germany.

Among the most popular tourist destinations in Spain are Barcelona in Catalonia or Málaga, Sevilla and Granada in Andalusia and also Santiago de Compostela in Galicia which is the endpoint of the famous Camino pilgrimage trail.

Spain not only occupies land area on the European mainland, but also has several islands. The Balearic islands Formentera, Ibiza, Menora and Mallorca in the Mediterranean Sea belong to Spain as well as the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean.

Spain Facts | Climate in Spain

The climate in Spain varies considerably between the different regions. In the northern mountainous regions the climate is alpine and the interior experiences a hot and arid climate, still most of the country appreciates a temperate and mild climate.

The climate in the southwestern parts is semi-arid while the northwestern parts experiences an oceanic climate. On the Canary islands the climate is subtropical and semi-arid.

Spain Facts | Islands of Spain

Here are some more interesting facts regarding the islands of Spain:

Balearic Islands

The Balearic Islands lie roughly 80 km/ 50 miles of Spain's easter coastline in the Mediterranean Sea. The four islands belonging to the Islas Baleares (Balearic Islands) are:

Mallorca
Menorca
Ibiza
Formentera

Canary Islands

The Canary Islands or Canaries lie roughly 100 km/ 62 miles off the African continent's coastline or to the west of Morocco. The islands were formed by volcanic eruptions of the Canary hotspot.

The eight largest islands belonging to the Islas Canares (Canary Islands) are:

Tenerife or Teneriffa (the largest and most populous island of the Canary islands)
Fuerteventura
Gran Canaria
Lanzarote
La Palma
La Gomera
El Hierro
La Graciosa (the smallest island of the Canaries; counted as the eighth island since 2018; before it was recognised only as an islet!)

El Hierro

There are several other much smaller islands referred to as islets. More than 2 million people live on the Canary Islands.

Spain Facts | Geo Superlatives

Longest river: Rio Ebro with 910 km/ 566 miles. Please note that the Tagus which is the longest river on the Iberian peninsula only passes through Spain over 716 km/ 446 miles.
Highest mountain of Spain: El Teide on Tenerife (Canary Islands) with 3,718 m/ 12,198 ft. El Teide is a dormant volcano and the world's third tallest volcano that is located on an ocean island
Highest mountain on the Spanish mainland: Mulhacén with 3,479 m/ 11,414 ft.
Largest island: Mallorca which is one of the Balearic Islands
Largest natural lake in Spain: Lake Sanabria
Largest saltwater lagoon: Mar Menor, which is also considered as the largest salt lake in Europe
Westernmost point of Spain: Kap Finisterre
Largest city: Madrid
The five biggest cities in Spain are:

Madrid with 6.7 million inhabitants
Barcelona with 5.6 million inhabitants
Valencia with more than 835,000 inhabitants
Sevilla with about 700,000 inhabitants
Zaragoza with more than 600,000 inhabitants

10. Southernmost point of Spain and the European mainland: Punta de Tarifa

Tarifa in Spain

Spain Attractions for Kids

Madrid: Spain's capital city is known for the royal palace and the Prado museum which is on the most important fine arts museums in the world. There some of the greatest paintings of European artists are displayed. Plaza de Cibeles with its fabulous fountain is another one of the main landmarks of the city.

Cibeles Fountain in Madrid

Barcelona: Explore the amazing buildings designed by artist and architect Gaudí such as the iconic landmark Sagrada Familia, the unfinished basilica, or the colourful mosaics in Park Guëll.

Sagrada Familia by Mapics/Shutterstock.com

Sagrada Familia basilica

The beach is close to the city centre and the Barceloneta suburb is the most popular beach suburb of Barcelona. More than 500,000 visitors from all over the world visit this popular beach every summer. Did you know that Barcelona is ranked as one the best beach cities in the world?

Barceloneta Beach by Nito/Shutterstock.com

Popular Barceloneta Beach in Barcelona

Valencia: The city which was once founded by the Romans, is famous for the annual Las Fallas spring festival in March which features giant puppets, fireworks and the Spanish national dish called Paella. The futuristic 'City of Arts and Sciences' complex with its awe inspiring exhibitions is much worth a visit as well.

Arts and Sciences Museum Complex in Valencia

Santiago de Compostela: The university town in northwestern Spain is famous for the shrine of apostle St James the Great, called Santiago in Spanish. The Camino pilgrimage route leads from the French border over 800 km/ 500 miles through northwestern Spain to Santiago de Compostela. Over 200,000 people take the pilgrimage on the Camino de Santiago or the 'Way of St James' every year.

Santiago de Compostela

Granada: The city located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada mountains is known for the majestic Alhambra palace and fortress. At this UNESCO world heritage site you can learn about Spanish history and the Spanish Islamic art while admiring the Arabic decorations and colourful mosaics.

Alhambra with the Sierra Nevada in the background

The Pyrenees: The high mountain range in northeastern Spain is popular for hiking and skiing.

Spain Facts | Spanish People

Most of the people in Spain live along the coastlines of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Significant cities in the interior are the capital city Madrid and the cities Zaragoza and Sevilla. About 80% of the Spaniards live in urban areas.

Spain has her own royal family who lives in the royal place, the 'Zarzuela Palace', outside of Madrid. Felipe VI is the King of Spain since 2014. King Felipe VI and Queen Letizia have two daughters.

The Royal Palace, Palacio Real, in the city of Madrid is the place where official functions take place.

Royal Palace in Madrid - used for state functions

Many Spanish people are soccer fans. The top soccer clubs are: Real Madrid and Barça (FC Barcelona).

Spain is known for its flamenco dance. In Andalusia, in many towns and villages people dance the flamenco for special festivities. Some of the best flamenco dancers are said to be the Romani people ('gitanos' in Spanish). The gitanos arrived to Spain in the 15th century and still conserve their own language and traditions. In the image you can see girls performing the flamenco at a fiesta (festival) in Seville.

Flamenco dancers

Spain is also known for many festivals, such as the 'Tomatina' and the 'Running of the Bulls', that attract thousands of participants and visitors.

The 'Tomatina' festival in the small town of Buñol, to the west of Valencia, is the world's biggest food fight, as the people throw tomatoes at each other. The festival takes place every year in August, but the event only takes one hour, as the people throw tomatoes at each other.
Another famous spanish festival takes place in the town of Pamplona in Northern Spain. The highlight of the festival is the 'Running of the Bulls'. Six bulls are chasing people who try to run away in front of the animals. Bullfights also are popular events in the arenas of several cities, but are banned in others.
The people of Tarragona gather every two years for the Concours de Castells Festival in October where participants build tall human towers.

Tarragona Human Tower Competition - David Ortega Baglietto

Competition in Tarragona - by David Ortega Baglietto

The competition includes four teams of athletes from the city and in total more than 40 teams from all over Spain. Sometimes the human towers reach up to 11 metres! Read more here.

As summers get very hot in the Spanish cities of the inland, many Spaniards flock to the seaside during summer holidays or visit the mountainous villages in the north of the country.

Spain Facts
Famous Spanish People

Don Quixote

Among the most well known Spanish artists are:

Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616): Spanish author of 'Don Quixote'
Manuel de Falla (1876-1946): Spanish composer
Joan Miró (1893-1983):Spanish sculptur and painter
Salvador Dalí (1904-1989): Spanish painter who created surrealist paintings such as this one with the clock faces slipping down.

Dalí painting 'The Persistence of Memory'

Antoni Gaudí (1852-1926): You can experience many of his great works in Barcelona, especially in the fascinating Parc Guëll and the still unfinished cathedral 'Sagrada Familia'. Read more here.

Mosaic Lizard by Antoni Gaudi - Park Guëll

Pablo Picasso (1881-1973): painter
Julio Iglesias (born 1943) and his son Enrique Iglesias (born 1975): both singers and songwriters
Fernando Alonso (born 1981): Formula One racing car driver
Rafael Nadal (born 1986): tennis player
Julio Iglesias (born 1943) and his son Enrique Iglesias (born 1975): both singers and songwriters
David de Gea (born 1990): soccer player/goal keeper, currently playing for Manchester United
Read more about famous people in Spain on our separate page here:

Spain Facts | Spanish Language

Do you speak Spanish?

Spanish is the world's second-most spoken native language. Spanish is spoken in Spain and in the South American countries, among them Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela.

Which language is spoken in Spain? Castilian Spanish is spoken in all 17 regions, but other languages and dialects are spoken in various regions of the country:

Castillian Spanish is recognised as 'typical' Spanish and is spoken across the country of Spain.
Catalan is spoken in the region around Barcelona, and the province of Cataluña, as well as in Valencia. This language reads and sounds quite different to Castilian Spanish.
Basque is spoken in the Basque Country in the north of Spain
Galician is spoken in Galicia, in Spain's northwest.

Palabras en Español -
Spanish Words

Here are some useful Spanish words:

Buenos días: Good day
¡Hola! Hello
¿Qué tal? How are you?
si: yes
no: no
adiós: good bye
gracias: thank you
Te quiero: I love you

The Spanish language uses inverted question marks and exclamation marks and letters that use symbols on them, such as the ñ that has an accent called 'tilde' and is used in words such as España.

Spain Facts |Animals in Spain

In Spain you easily encounter mules and merino sheep especially in the highlands and in many place you will see are lizards and geckos.

Iberian Lynx

The Mediterranean or Iberian lynx, however, is almost extinct. The lynx is the most endangered cat in the world. There are only a few surviving mammals left in the South of Spain and Portugal.

Other protected animals are the Iberian wild boar, the Iberian fox, the Iberian wolves and the Cantabrian brown bear.

The short-toed eagle is Spain's national bird.

The region of Andalusia is home to the Andalusian horses which are known for their speed and strength.

Andalusian horse

Spain Facts | Food in Spain

The main dishes in Spain usually contain potatoes, rice, fish, meat, beans, chickpeas and a large variety of fruits and vegetables. Olive oil is one of the main ingredients in the Spanish cuisine. Garlic, paprika (called pimentón) and bread are used in most savoury dishes.

Here are some typical Spanish dishes:

Paella

Paella: The traditional rice dish is made with seafood or meat such as rabbit, chicken and snails and popular especially in Valencia
Gazpacho: Vegetable soup or stew
Coca: A sweet bread
Empanada: Stuffed bread or pie
Turrón: Nougat sweet cake made with honey and nuts
Jamón Serrano: Pork leg ham
Chorizo: Pork sausage

Churros

Chocolate con Churros: Hot and very thick chocolate drink with sweet fried pastry (as you can see on the right). A popular weekend breakfast - not only in Madrid.

Spain Facts | Economy

Did you know, that Spain is the world's top olive oil producer?

Spain produced a whopping 1.8 million tons of olive oil in 2018 and about 1.2 million tons in 2020. The main region for olive oil production is Andalusia. Spain is said to have the most olive trees in the world.

Olive farm near Cadiz

Machinery, clothing, cars and petroleum products are the main export products of Spain. Citrus fruit peel, nuts and melons are among the top agricultural products as well.

France, Germany and Italy are the main trading partners of Spain.

Popular Pages

Portugal

Italy